IAHS Benchmark Papers in Hydrology Series

Series Editor Jeffrey J. McDonnell

• RIPARIAN ZONE HYDROLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
   
  Selection, Introduction and Commentary by by T. P. Burt, G. Pinay & S. Sabater

  IAHS BM5 ISBN 978-907161-09-4 (2010) A4 format, hardback, 490 + x pp., £65.00, incl. postage

  Study specifically of riparian zones is relatively new in hydrology, and while the oldest benchmark paper selected for this volume dates to 1936, several of the others were published in the 1970s and 1980s. Burt, Pinay and Sabater introduce them with a review of the role of the riparian zone. Its services as a buffer for nitrates and other agricultural and industrial pollutants has focused the attention of ecologists and hydrologists. It is an ecological boundary between terrestrial and aquatic environments, but also a distinct ecotone because of the intimate connection between the two. The 36 benchmark papers are grouped under the topics Landscape Ecology, Hydrology of the Riparian Zone, Linking Riparian Zone Hydrology to Solute Transport, Biogeochemical Processes and Methods, Riparian Buffering of Surface and Subsurface Flows, and In-stream Processes. Together, the reprinted papers and the commentaries by the editors chart the breakthroughs in the development of this important subdiscipline.

  The IAHS Benchmark Series is sponsored by

Contents

Series Editor’s Foreword by Jeffrey J. McDonnell

Riparian Zone Hydrology and Biogeochemistry: A Review

1. Introduction
2. Landscape ecology, riparian ecotones and emergence of the Riparian Buffer Zone concept
3. Hydrology of the riparian zone
   3.1 Water balance within the riparian zone
   3.2 Flow paths: the riparian zone as a conduit
   
4. Solute dynamics in the riparian zone
   4.1 Its role as a conduit
   4.2 Its role as a buffer
   
5. Hyporheic and in-stream processes
6. What do we still need to learn about the hydrology and biogeochemistry of riparian zones ?
   6.1 Flow paths and residence time
   6.2 Hot spots and connectivity at the landscape scale
   6.3 Climate change and riparian zone processes
   6.4 New biogeochemical pathways
7. Introduction to the commentaries

The Benchmark Papers

A Landscape Ecology

• A1 Cummins, K. W. (1974) Structure and function of stream ecosystems. Bioscience 24, 631–641.
• A2 Hynes, H. B. N. (1975) The stream and its valley. Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie 19, 1–15
• A3 Jones, J. R., Borofka, B. P. & Bachmann, R. W. (1976) Factors affecting nutrient loads in some Iowa streams. Water Research 10, 117–122.
• A4 Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R. & Cushing, C. E. (1980) The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, 130–137.
• A5 Triska, F.J., Sedell, J. R., Cromack, K. Jr, Gregory, S. V. & McCorison, F. M. (1984) Nitrogen budget for a small coniferous forest stream. Ecological Monographs 54, 119–140.
• A6 Pinay, G. & Décamps, H. (1988) The role of riparian woods in regulating nitrogen fluxes between the alluvial aquifer and surface water: a conceptual model. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 2, 507–516.

B Hydrology of the Riparian Zone

• B1 Troxell, H. C. (1936) The diurnal fluctuation in the ground-water and flow of the Santa Ana River and its meaning. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 17, 496–504.
• B2 Hursh, C. R. & Brater, E. F. (1941) Separating storm-hydrographs from small drainage-areas into surface- and subsurface-flow. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 22, 863–871.
• B3 Dunford, E. G. & Fletcher, P. W. (1947) Effect of removal of stream-bank vegetation upon water yield. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 28, 105–110.
• B4 Todd, D. K. (1955) Ground-water flow in relation to a flooding stream. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 81(2), 628-1 to 628-20.
• B5 Dunne, T. & Black, R. D. (1970) An experimental investigation of runoff production in permeable soils. Water Resources Research 6, 478–490.
• B6 Abdul, A. S. & Gillham, R. W. (1984) Laboratory studies of the effects of the capillary fringe on streamflow generation. Water Resources Research 20, 691–698.

C Linking Riparian Zone Hydrology to Solute Transpor

• C1 Jackson, W. A., Asmussen, L. E., Hauser, E. W. & White, A. W. (1973) Nitrate in surface and subsurface flow from a small agricultural watershed. Journal of Environmental Quality 2, 480–482.
• C2 Foster, I. D. L. & Walling, D. E. (1978) The effects of the 1976 drought and autumn rainfall on stream solute levels. Earth Surface Processes 3, 393–406.
• C3 Pilgrim, D. H., Huff, D. D. & Steele, T. D. (1979) Use of specific conductance and contact time relations for separating flow components of storm runoff. Water Resources Research 15, 329–339.
• C4 Trudgill, S. T., Pickles, A. M., Smettem, K. R. J. & Crabtree, R. W. (1982) Soil- water residence time and solute uptake. 1. Dye tracing and rainfall events. Journal of Hydrology 60, 257–279.
• C5 McDonnell, J. J. (1990) A rationale for old water discharge through macropores in a steep, humid catchment. Water Resources Research 26, 2821–2832.
• C6 Waddington, J. M., Roulet, N. T. & Hill, A. R. (1993) Runoff mechanisms in a forested groundwater discharge wetland. Journal of Hydrology 147, 37–60.

D Biogeochemical Processes and Methods

• D1 Reddy, K. R. & Patrick, W. H. Jr (1975) Effect of alternate aerobic and anaerobic conditions on redox potential, organic matter decomposition and nitrogen loss in a flooded soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 7, 87–94.
• D2 Yoshinari, T., Hynes, R. & Knowles, R. (1977) Acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction and measurement of denitrification and nitrogen fixation in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 9, 177–183.
• D3 Smith, M. S. & Tiedje, J. M. (1979) Phases of denitrification following oxygen depletion in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 11, 261–267.
• D4 Mariotti, A., Germon, J. C., Hubert, P., Kaiser, P., Letolle, R., Tardieux, A. & Tardieux, P. (1981) Experimental determination of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation some principles; illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes. Plant and Soil 62, 413–430.

E Riparian Buffering of Surface and Subsurface Flow

• E1 Lowrance, R. R., Todd, R. L. & Asmussen, L. E. (1984) Nutrient cycling in an agricultural watershed: I. Phreatic movement. Journal of Environmental Quality 13, 22–27.
• E2 Peterjohn, W. T. & Correll, D. L. (1984) Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology 65, 1466–1475.
• E3 Jacobs, T. C. & Gilliam, J. W. (1985) Riparian losses of nitrate from agricultural drainage waters. Journal of Environmental Quality 14, 472–478.
• E4 Warwick, J. & Hill, A. R. (1988) Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone of a small woodland stream. Hydrobiologia 157, 231–240.
• E5 Dillaha, T. A., Reneau, R. B., Mostaghimi, S. & Lee, D. (1989) Vegetative filter strips for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32, 513–519.
• E6 McDowell, W. H., Bowden, W. B. & Asbury, C. E. (1992) Riparian nitrogen dynamics in two geomorphologically distinct tropical rain forest watersheds: subsurface solute patterns. Biogeochemistry 18, 53–73.
• E7 Haycock, N. E. & Burt, T. P. (1993) Role of floodplain sediments in reducing the nitrate concentration of subsurface run-off: a case study in the Cotswolds, UK. Hydrological Processes 7, 287–295.

F In-stream Processes

• F1 Webster, J. R. & Patten, B. C. (1979) Effects of watershed perturbation on stream potassium and calcium dynamics. Ecological Monographs 49, 1, 51–72.
• F2 Bencala, K. E. & Walters, R. A. (1983) Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: a transient storage model. Water Resources Research 19, 718–724.
• F3 Hill, A. R. (1983) Nitrate-nitrogen mass balances for two Ontario rivers. In: Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems, edited by T. D. Fontaine and S. M. Bartell, 457–477. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
• F4 Duff, J. H. & Triska, F. J. (1990) Denitrification in sediments from the hyporheic zone adjacent to a small forested stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47(6), 1140–1147.
• F5 Mulholland, P. J. (1992) Regulation of nutrient concentrations in a temperate forest stream: roles of upland, riparian, and instream processes. Limnology and Oceanography 37, 1512–1526.
• F6 Holmes, R. M., Fisher, S. G. & Grimm, N. B. (1994) Parafluvial nitrogen dynamics in a desert stream ecosystem. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13, 468–478.
• F7 Valett, H. M., Morrice, J. A., Dahm, C. N. & Campana, M. E. (1996) Parent lithology, surface-groundwater exchange, and nitrate retention in headwater streams. Limnology and Oceanography 41, 333–345.